Medieval History for ssc(712-1707)

Muhammad-bin-qasim attacked India on 712 AD.
He defeated king dahir. Yazeed was the khalifa of Arab at that time.
In India jaziya tax was first time introduced by mohd. Bin-qasim. Medieval history

Rise of the Ghaznavis Medieval history

First turk attack in india was led by Subuktgin.
Subuktgin became ruler of gazni in 977 AD.
Subuktagin was the slave of Alptagin.
Alpatgin gave him the title of “Aamir-ul-umara”.
Mahmood gazanavi was the successor of Subuktagin.
Mahmood gazanavi attacked 17 times in India.
He attacked India first time in 1000 AD.
His sixteen attack was on the Somnath temple in 1025 AD.
Mahammad Ghaznavi was the first man who took the title of Sultan

Gauri Empire

Muhammad Gauri attacked India first time in 1175 AD.
He was the king of Gaur Empire thats why he was famour as Gouri in India.
Muhammad Gauri enters in india thourgh gomal pass.
Muhammad gauri attacked neharwal state of Gujarat in 1178 AD, where he was defeated by Bheem-II (The king on neharwal state)
Battle of tarain( 1191AD) was fought between Muhammad gauri and prithviraj chauhan gauri lost the battle.
The second battle of tarain (1192 AD) was fought. Prithviraj Chauhan lost this battle.
Muhammad gauri defeated kannauj ruler jaychandra in the battle of chandawar (1195).
Gori appointed Aibak as administrator of his Indian region and return to gazni.
Gauri came to India in 1206 AD. To face the Challenge of khokhar’s revolt.
He was killed by khokhars at the place called damyak at the bank of river Indus

Delhi sultanate (1206-1556) Medieval history

Trick: G.k To Saral Lagti

Gulam dynasty Khilji dynasty Tughlag dynasty Sayed dynasty Lodhi dynasty

Slave dynasty/ mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)

First dynasty of delhi sultanate.

Qutub uddin aibak(1206-1210)

he ruled from lahore.
he was the founder of slave dynasty
he built quwat ul islam & adaidin ka jhopda
he started the construction of qutub minar in honour of khawaja qutubuddin bhaktiar khilji
qutubuddin is known as lakh baksh or quran khan
qutubudin died in 1210 while playing chawgan(similar to polo).

Aram shah 1210

aram shah was the son of qutubuddin, he was killed by iltutmish in the battle of zood.

Iltutmish (1210-1236)

He was the slave of qutub uddin aibak
He completed qutub minar
Iltutumish created the group of 40 slaves known as turkan-i-chahalgami and turkan-i-chalisa
he was known as the real founder of delhi sultanate
Iltutumish started iata system in delhi sultanate
he saved delhi from the attack of changez khan
The third battle of tarain was fought between iltutumish and yaldoz, iltutumish won this battle.

Ruknuddin 1236

He was the son of iltutmish & was killed by raziya sultan.

Raziya sultan (1236-1240)

Razia was the daughter of Iltutmish
she was the first muslim sultan of the world
She was the first & last lady sultan of delhi sultanate.
Razia died in kothal haryana

Bahram Shah (1240-1242)

Bahram shah was the son of Iltutmish
Bahram shah invented the post of Naib-e-mumlakat

Alauddin masud shah (1242-1246)

Bhout Nalla tha… He didn’t do anything to be asked

Nasaruddin Mahmud shah (1246-1265)

During his reign real power was in the hand of gayas uddin balwan
he gave balwan the title of ulugh khan

Gyasuddin Balwan (1265-1287)

Balwan block the power of Turkan-i-chalgami
Balwan established miltary department Diwan-i-Arz
Balwan introduce Sijda & Paibos in delhi sultanate
Balwan started navraj festivle in delhi sultanate
Balwan adpoted the policy of Blood & Iron
Balwan adpoted the title zil-i-Ilahi (shadow of allah)

kaiqubad (1287-1290)

kaiqubad was the grand son of balwan
He made jalauddin khilzi as his wazir
kaiqubad was died of stroke in 1290
His son samsuddin kayumars (3 yrs old) was his succesor

jalauddin khilzi killed kayumars and proclalimed himslef as sultan

Khiji dynasty (1290-1320)

Smallest dynasty to rule in delhi sultanate for 30 years

Jalauddin khilji (1290-1320)

he established khilji dynasty
he established dewan-e-vakoof for taxation
he established mangolpuri for mangols.
he was killed by his nephew/son-in-law alauddin Khilji

Alauddin khilji (1296-1316)

Alauddin khilji real name was ali gushrap
he introduced market control policy
Alauddin khilji was the first sultan to conqured south india

Introduce Daag & Huliya system

Alauddin khilji wrote khajain-ul-futuh in which he titled himslef as sultan of world, conqueror of Era, shephered of people.
Ameer khusro(writer in his court) known as Tuti-i-hind or parrot of india.
Ameer khusro was the first person to wrote in khadi-hindi
Ameer hasan dehalvi(poet in his court) known as saadi of india
Hazrat nizamuddin( delhi station vala) was guru of ameer khusro
Alauddin buyed malik kafoor from gujrat for 1000 dinar i.e why he is known as hazar dinari.
Malik kafoor bring kohinoor from south india to north india

Alauddin khilji built-

* City Siri * Alai Darwaja

* Hauz-e-khas * Alai Minar

Mubarak shah khiji (1316-1320)

First sultan to declare himslef as khalifa
Mubarak shah khilji made khusro shah as his wazir
Mubarak khiji was famous for his obscene activity
he was killed by khusro shah.

Khusro shah 1320

First indian to sat on delhi thorne.
he was killed by giyasuddin tughlag.

Tughlag dynasty (1320-1414)

Longest dynasty to rule in delhi sultanate for 94 years.

Gyasuddin tughlag (1320-1325)

Gyasuddin tughlag was the founder of tughlag dynasty
Gyasuddin tughlag established tughlakabad in delhi
Gyasuddin tughlag was the first sultan of delhi who took the title gazi.
Gyasuddin tughlag was the first sultan who reduces the agricultural tax.
A dispute was arise between sufi saint nizamuddin auliya and Gyasuddin tughlag(which lead to the death of GST).

Mohamaad Bin Tughlag (1325-1351)

MBT childhood name is Jonah khan
he took the title ulugh khan
MBT was the first sultan of delhi who took part in hindu festival of holi.
He was the most educataed king of delhi sultanate but known as idiot king .
MBT issued gold coin dinar and silver coin adali
Moroccon travellor ibne batuta came to India during the reign of MBT.
MBT appoint ibne batuta as the post of gazi .
ibne batuta wrote a book called rahela.
Harihar and Bukka borthers established Vijay nagar empire & Hasan gangualso established Bhamani kingdom during the reign of MBT.

plans of MBT:

* Transfer captial from delhi to devagiri

* Use of token currency- Copper & brass coin

* Increases of taxes in Ganga-Yamuna doab area

during the reign of mohammad bin tughlag india has its largest territory.

Firoz shah Tughlag (1351-1388)

FST took the approval of his sultanate from the khalifa twice
firoz shah tuglag was the first sultan who made islam as the foundation of governance.
he wrote his autobiography –> Futuhat-e-firozshahi

Cities built by FST:

*jaunpur(In remembrance of his brother MBT),Also known as Siraj-e-hind

*Fatehabad

*Firozabad

*Firozpur

*Hisar

Firoz shah tughlag built five big canals.
FST was first sultan who imposed zazia tax on Brahmins.
He banned muslim womens to visit tomb of muslim saints.
Historian alifston called FST as akbar of sultanate era.
He had strict policy towards Hindu, he also broke jwala devi temple.

The last sultan of tughlag dynasty was Nasiruddin Mahmood.
During his reign Timur langa invaded India in 1398, which lead to the ran of mahmood to Gujrat.
Khizr khan(Governer of Timur) captured the throne of dlehi in 1414 ad.

Syed dynasty (1414-1451)

This was the first Siya dynasty of Delhi Sultanate.

khizr khan (1414-1421)

He established syed dynasty in delhi.
He didn’t took the title of sultan, took the title of ‘Riyat-e-ala’.
According to sarhindi Khizr khan was decendent of mohamad Paigambar.

Mukbark shah (1421-1434)

He was the most powerful ruler of sayed dynasty.
He established city Mubarakabad.
Famous scholar ‘SirHindi’ was patronized in his court.

The last ruler of syed dynasty was Alauddin Alam shah,
he was the only ruler who voluntarily gave his thorne to someone else
he gave his throne to bhalol lodi.

Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)

It was the first Afghan dynasty of delhi.

Bahlol lodi (1451-1489)

He was the founder of lodi dynasty .
Bahlol lodi was the longest ruling sultan of delhi Sultanate.
He invited Afghan people to India.

Sikandar lodi (1489-1517)

He established city Agra & made agra as capital in 1506 ad.
Translate Ayurvedic book to persian language –> Farhange-e-sikandari
He used to write poem in persian language –> Gulrukhi

Ibrahim lodi (1517-1526)

He was the last sultan of lodi dynasty & delhi sultanate
Babur killed him in the first battle of panipat(1526).